SCULPTURE DES IMAGES

Il fallut la technologie vidŽo aisŽment manipulable, autrement dit une technologie dŽpendante des mains Š petites camŽras, restitution enregistrŽe sur ces objets domestiques que sont les disques, tŽlŽcommandes manuelles Š pour que les actes de filmer et de sculpter trouvent une proximitŽ ou peut-tre rŽactivent la relation refoulŽe entre sculpture et film, entre Ē le marbre et le cellulo•d Č . Car un des rŽcits mythologiques les plus repris par les artistes acadŽmiques de la seconde moitiŽ du XIXme sicle, donc les artistes Ē cultivŽs Č, fut Pygmalion et GalatŽe. Cette lŽgende, variation Žrotique sur la mŽtamorphose du marbre en chair, miracle opŽrŽ par la puissance dŽsirante du sculpteur amoureux de sa crŽation, anticipa poŽtiquement la rŽalisation de lÕambition cinŽmatographique : la reprŽsentation du mouvement de la vie. Il nÕest sans doute pas insignifiant quÕun des premiers films de MŽlis fut une pantomime mettant en scne le sculpteur mythique et sa crŽature marmorŽenne sÕanimant soudain par la magie du montage. Le peintre GŽr™me fixa vers 1890 le clichŽ iconographique dŽfinitif dÕun vŽritable Ē complexe de Pygmalion Č allŽgorisant le passage entre les arts libŽraux et les arts mŽcaniques, entre les arts de la reprŽsentation immobile et les arts du Ē mouvement qui dŽplace les lignes Č. CÕest en premier lieu cette origine qui mÕest venue ˆ lÕesprit lorsque jÕai rencontrŽ les attractions filmŽes de Brigitte Zieger.

IdentitŽ intrigante dÕune artiste qui filme autant quÕelle sculpte, qui enregistre des performances autant que des travestissements. Veut-elle filmer le fatal terme figŽ dÕune transformation ou le flux irrŽpressible dÕune mŽtamorphose ? Et lÕintuition de cette incertitude, de cette alternative, mÕont ŽtŽ confirmŽes lorsque jÕai visitŽ son atelier, le laboratoire dÕimages mouvementŽes dÕune artiste dont jÕavais dŽcouvert une annŽe auparavant les actions filmŽes.

JÕai le souvenir trs prŽgnant dÕun atelier de sculpture dÕo Žmergeait la fire stature dÕun homme de pl‰tre vtu dÕhabits rŽels. Je reconnus confusŽment, sans pouvoir le nommer avec assurance, lՎtudiant hŽro•que qui sÕinterposa ˆ la progression des tanks sur la place Tien An Men ˆ PŽkin. Devant mon Žtonnement et mon interprŽtation hŽsitante, Brigitte Zieger me confirma : lÕimage animŽe de cet ŽvŽnement historique, Žtait consultable ˆ tout moment sur la toile du Ē net Č, donc un mouvement enregistrŽ, fixŽ et contemplable comme un monument commŽmorant un geste hŽro•que ou une bataille. Et cette image dÕactualitŽ permettait une paradoxale statuaire. En effet, en consultant ˆ mon tour cette archive rŽcente, emblme des fissures du monde communiste, je ne pouvais distinguer le mouvement de lÕHistoire en train de sÕaccomplir et la troublante immobilitŽ du hŽros, dÕemblŽe statufiŽ lors de cette action inou•e. Je prenais conscience que les images animŽes contemporaines qui sÕaccumulent dans cette mŽmoire virtuelle incommensurable, pouvaient tre simultanŽment des monuments aux morts parce que disponibles en permanence. Si les places des villes et des villages nՎtaient plus leur immuable site, les carrefours du Web les offrent en revanche ˆ tout instant, sans les limites temporelles de lÕimage cinŽmatographique. Alors, on conoit aisŽment ce qui dans cette image nouvelle appelle la sculpture, une sculpture dont le mouvement de la vie est si proche. Un Ē complexe de Pygmalion Č irrigue ces images.

Puissante Žvidence qui mÕapparut lors de la visite de lÕatelier de cette vidŽaste qui sculpte, de cette sculpteur qui filme. Selon un itinŽraire inattendu, imprŽvisible, un caractre aigu dÕactualitŽ mŽdiatique survint pour moi dans les vidŽos Žnigmatiques de Brigitte Zieger. Et jÕemploie ce dernier qualificatif avec dessein tant ces vidŽos nÕappellent pas lÕinterprŽtation : leur message g”t prŽcisŽment dans une Žnigme revendiquŽe, en dÕautres termes, une Žnigme qui serait le sens et qui unifierait les Ļuvres choisies et rapprochŽes par ce catalogue.

Je reviens ˆ cette rŽfŽrence insistante ˆ la sculpture, plus exactement ˆ un rŽgime particulier de cette pratique, le modelage.

VŽnus et Serial Self sont de pures performances de modelage. Dans VŽnus, le cerveau qui coiffe le cr‰ne de lÕartiste se rŽvle mou et mallŽable (cÕest lÕidŽe gŽnŽrale et convenue que lÕon se fait du cerveauÉ) et il subit une progressive transformation manuelle en une chevelure qui se dote contradictoirement dÕune finale apparence glacŽe et rigide du mŽtal chromŽ. Les oppositions sont encha”nŽes : mou et dur, lieu de la conscience et lieu de lÕapparence, pensŽe et corporŽitŽ, gravitŽ et frivolitŽÉ Autant dÕoppositions articulŽes dont le miroir accentue lÕeffet  et qui dŽpassent, sans lÕignorer, le message fŽministe.

Serial Self, par la magie du filmage inversŽ, mŽtamorphose par une mystŽrieuse manipulation digne des effeuillages filmiques de Cocteau, une natte de cheveux en un rŽvolver suicidaire. Les mmes paradigmes visuels ˆ lÕĻuvre dans cette pice assez tragique et burlesque ˆ la fois, sont prolongŽs dÕun supplŽment symboliste qui sÕattache ˆ la chevelure fŽminine dangereuse.

LՎtrange vidŽo, plus Žtrange que toutes les autres, Soft, prend alors toute sa forte signification, bien que relativisŽe par lÕhumour : fŽtichisme Žcarlate, bas ˆ coutures et talons, ombre qui dŽvoile en entier dans le second plan de lÕimage les jambes fŽminines, tondo du cadrage qui Žvoque lÕiris du cinŽma muet ou une optique voyeuristeÉ Les crŽpitements de la pluie Š ou de la pellicule cinŽmatographique ? Š accompagnent le ramollissement, la dŽbandade burlesque des talons.

Ainsi Brigitte Zieger sculpte, sculpte et anime, modle et efface, brandit (une arme) et dŽnoue (des cheveux)É Partis pris qui fusionnent des actes qui nÕappartiennent pas exactement aux mmes registres conceptuels mais dont un Žtat particulier de la matire offre par excellence lÕimage dialectique : la fumŽe.

Quel autre Žtat de la matire Š entre modelage et mŽtamorphose, entre volutes et consistances changeantes, entre ŽlŽvation et dissolution dont on retrouve les remous poussiŽreux dans les grands dessins Eye-Dust Š peut mieux rŽaliser lՎnigme figurale que poursuit Brigitte Zieger. Parking joue avec dŽrision, de la gŽomŽtrie des rangements automobiles et de lÕinforme fumeux qui sՎvapore, brouille la vision et la logique chorŽgraphique des vŽhicules.

Mais Mondwest est plus mystŽrieux, plus inquiŽtant, tant lÕexpression figŽe et le buste en lŽger dŽsŽquilibre vers lÕavant de cette jeune fille, sÕenveloppent des pulvŽrulents remous dÕune fumŽe qui montent du corps et cernent le visage. Corps qui chauffe ? Corps en irruption ? Suggestions volcaniques du corps qui pourraient renvoyer alors ˆ cet Žtat, expansif et sculptural ˆ la fois, de la lave, matire absente dans les prŽsentes images mais qui pourrait bien appara”tre un jour dans les images futures de Brigitte ZiegerÉ Ce corps aux allures dÕun personnage sorti dÕun film fantastique de William Friedkin , semble sՎriger au fur et ˆ mesure de cette ascension  et se statufier en conservant les apparences dÕun corps rŽel, charnel et ˆ la sŽduction malŽfique : mŽmoire du Golem, mythe de la sculpture et de la vie mlŽes.

La perspective sculpturale de lÕartiste trouve ainsi son accomplissement dans deux performances filmŽes, Hits and Misses, qui simultanŽment retrouvent des origines primitives de la cinŽmatographie. Les Frres Lumire nÕont-ils pas filmŽ parmi leurs premires bandes, parmi leurs premires Ē vues Č (un des deux frres y Žtait dÕailleurs Ē acteur Č), des ouvriers qui sÕacharnent au sein dÕun nuage de poussire ˆ dŽtruire un mur ? Ici, ce corps aux prises avec une surface qui se dŽmantle et se morcelle en quelques morceaux dÕun Žnorme puzzle, traduit autrement la subtile et spectaculaire mise en Žvidence de la puissance volumŽtrique qui Žmane illusoirement dÕun Žcran. Pointent ˆ cet endroit les papiers peints animŽs (Shooting Wallpaper), surfaces dÕo sÕextrait dangereusement le mouvement. Il y a, en effet, du danger dans toutes ces vidŽos : danger des chutes de planchers en plafonds friables, danger dÕune arme qui na”t dÕune chevelure, danger dÕun corps en fusion, danger des bombardements qui transforment des paysages charmants en territoires en guerre, danger des motifs pastoraux dÕune toile de Jouy dont les bergres se dŽgagent pour flinguer le regardeur alanguiÉ

Il nÕest sans doute pas innocent que la toile de Jouy suggreÉ la toile informatique depuis laquelle Brigitte Zieger extrait ses clichŽs et ses patterns : rŽserve des images, rŽpŽtitions des images, transformation des imagesÉ Ce qui fait le prix de cette Ļuvre ne sont pas seulement les mŽtamorphoses des images et leurs humoristiques dŽtournements. Ce sont plut™t les glissements dÕun vŽhicule ˆ un autre, dÕun support ˆ un autre : de la sculpture ˆ la vidŽo, de la vidŽo ˆ la toile virtuelle, de la toile virtuelle ˆ la sculpture. La boucle sÕaccomplit : lՎtudiant inconnu de Tien An Men, aujourdÕhui disparu, pourtant encore repŽrable sur la toile du Web Š cette rŽserve dÕimages infinie pour retrouver les morts Š se rŽincarne, sՎrige et se monumentalise par la persŽvŽrance de lÕart.

Titre opportun dÕun texte cŽlbre dÕErich Rohmer.

JÕavais utilisŽ un jour cette expression pour Žvoquer les formes de survivance et de tension de la sculpture dans le cinŽma.

Je reprends cette expression qui dŽsigne ces scnes exemptes de narrativitŽ dans le cinŽma muet.

Yves Bonnefoy, La stratŽgie de lՎnigme, Ed. GalilŽe.

LÕExorciste

SCULPTURE OF IMAGES

It has only been since the arrival of an easily manipulable video technology, in other words one dependent on the manual - small cameras, reproduction saved onto these small, domestic objects which are discs, hand-held remote controls -  that a certain proximity between filming and sculpting has been enabled, and that perhaps the discarded relationship between sculpture and film, between "marble and celluloid", has been reenacted.  For one of the mythological tales most addressed by academic artists of the second half of the XIXth Century, that is to say the "cultivated" artists, was Pygmalion and Galatea.  This legend, an erotic variation on the metamorphosis of marble into flesh, a miracle which was brought about by the powerful desire of a sculptor's love for his creation, poetically foresaw the realization of the cinematic ambition: to represent the movement of life.  It is no doubt not without significance that one of  MŽlis' first films was of the mythical sculptor and his marmorean creation which suddenly came to life as a result of the magic of editing.  The painter GŽr™me produced in about 1890 what was to become the definitive iconographic cliche of a real "Pygmalion complex", with an allegory for the passage between the liberal and mechanical arts, between the art of immobile representation and that of "movement displacing lines".  It was this which first came to mind when I came across Brigitte Zieger's filmed "attractions".

The identity of such an artist, who films as much as she sculpts, documents performances as well as transvestism, is intriguing.  Is she trying to film the fatal and fixed term of a transformation or the irrepressible flux of metamorphosis?  And the intuitive feeling I was experiencing of incertitude, and of this alternative, was confirmed when I visited the studio, which is a laboratory for the turbulent images of the artist whose filmed actions I had discovered a year previously.

 I have a particularly potent memory of a sculpture studio from which emerged the proud stature of a plaster man dressed in real clothes.  I vaguely recognized, without being absolutely sure, the heroic student who stood and blocked the tanks on Tiananmen Square in Peking.  Seeing my surprise and hesitant interpretation, Brigitte Zieger confirmed that the animated image of this historical event could easily be consulted, at any given moment, on the web of the "net", and was as such a movement that was saved, fixed and could be contemplated like the commemorative monument of a heroical gesture or a battle.  And this image of recent current affairs provided for a statuary paradox.  Indeed, when I too consulted the recent archive, which has become the symbol of cracks appearing in the communist world, I couldn't distinguish the movement of History in the process of being accomplished and the troubling immobility of the hero, emblematically transfixed during such an unprecedented action.  I became conscious that contemporary animated images accumulating in this boundless virtual memory could be simultaneously monuments to the deadbecause they are permanently at one's disposition.  If the squares of cities and villages are no longer the perpetual site of such monuments, then the crossroads of the Web, on the other hand, and at any given moment, offer them a place within the temporal limits of the cinematographic image.  And so one can easily conceive what within this new image one may call sculpture, a form of sculpture which is so close to the movement of life. A "Pygmalion complex" which irrigates the images.

The evidence of such reasoning was apparent when I visited the studio of this videomaker who sculpts, of this sculptor who films.  Following an unexpected, unpredictable itinerary, a critical personality from the media of current affairs comes to mind in Brigitte Zieger's enigmatic videos.  And I am using this qualifying term purposely because these videos don't call for interpretation: their message lies precisely within a declared enigma, in other terms, one which may be the meaning and which may unify the works chosen and brought together for this catalogue.

Let me come back to this insistent reference to sculpture, or more exactly to a particular form within its practice, modeling. 

Venus and Serial Self are pure performances of modeling.  In Venus, the brain covering the artist's skull turns out to be soft and malleable (which is the generally accepted idea one has of the brain...), and undergoes a progressive manual transformation into a hairdo, the final appearance of which, in all contradiction, is icy and rigid, like chromed metal.  Oppositions are set in motion: soft and hard, a conscious place and one of appearance, thought and corporeality, gravity and frivolity... So many oppositions articulated, the effect of which is accentuated by the mirror, and which goes beyond, without ignoring, the feminist message.

Serial Self, by the magic of inverted footage, through a mysterious manipulation worthy of Cocteau's films, and their peeling away effect, transforms a braid of hair into a suicidal revolver.  The same visual paradigms at work in this rather tragic and yet burlesque piece are prolonged with a symbolist supplement which is attached to dangerous feminine hair.

Within this context, the strangest of all the videos, Soft, takes on a whole new meaning, albeit one which is relativized due to its humour: scarlet fetishism, seamed stockings and heels, a shadow revealing in the second shot the whole image of a woman's legs, tondo framing which evokes the iris of silent cinema or a voyeuristic perspective... the crackling of rain - or of the cinematic film? - accompany the burlesque way in which the heels soften and go limp.

So Brigitte Zieger sculpts and animates, models and deletes, holds up (a gun) and undoes (hair)... preconceived positions merging together functions which don't exactly belong to the same conceptual range and for which the particular state of one kind of substance offers the perfect dialectic: smoke.

 What other state of matter - that which is between modeling and metamorphosis, between swirls and changing consistencies, between elevation and dissolution, which one also finds in the dusty turbulence of the large drawings called Eye-Dust - can better demonstrate the figural enigma that pursues Brigitte Zieger.  Parking plays with derision, the geometry of cars lined up in rows and the smoking shapelessness which evaporates, confusing the vision and choreographic logic of the vehicles.

Mondwest is more mysterious, more disturbing, as the fixed expression and bust of a young woman leaning slightly towards the front and out of balance, becomes shrouded in the pulverulent swirls of smoke climbing her body and surrounding her face.  Is the body heating up?  Or about to irrupt?  Volcanic suggestions of the body which could reflect the both expansive and sculptural state of lava - a substance which is absent as yet in the present images but which might well appear in Brigitte Zieger's work one day... This body which looks like a character from a William Friedkin fantasy film, seems to rise little by little out of this ascension and to become a statue while preserving the appearance of a real body which is carnal and balefully seductive: bringing to mind Golem, the myth of sculpture and life blended together.

The sculptural perspective of the artist can also be found in two performances she has filmed, Hits and Misses, which simultaneously rediscover the primitive origins of cinematography.  In one of the Lumire brothers' first film tapes, in one of their first "takes" (one of the two brothers was indeed an "actor" in it), a group of workmen can be seen avidly destroying a wall in the midst of a cloud of dust.  Here the body is held in a surface which is becoming dismantled into the pieces of an enormous puzzle, and translates in a very different way the subtle and spectacular highlighting of the volumetric power emanating illusorily from a screen.  Which brings me to the animated wallpapers (Shooting Wallpaper), surfaces from which movement is dangerously extracted.  Indeed there is danger to be found in all of the videos: danger of falling through the floorboards of flimsy ceilings, danger from the weapon created out of a hairdo, danger of a body becoming molten, danger of bombardment transforming charming landscapes into war terrain, danger of the pastoral motifs of a Jouy fabric, the shepherdesses of which come out at one and fire at the listless observer...

No doubt it is not a coincidence that Jouy weave suggests... the computing web from which Brigitte Zieger extracts her cliches and patterns: a reserve of images, the repetition of images, the transformation of images... What makes this work especially noteworthy is not just the metamorphoses of the images and their humorous twists, but rather the way in which one vehicle for these images slides into another, from one support into another: from sculpture to video, from video to the virtual web, from the virtual web to sculpture.  The loop is completed: the unknown student of Tiananmen, who has today disappeared, and yet is sill easily recognizable on the World Wide Web - this infinite reserve of images in which one can find the dead - is reincarnated, re-erected and monumentalized through the perseverance of art.

(english translation by Carmela Uranga)

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Attention Ļuvres piŽgŽes
Baited Artworks
(press version)
Philippe Fernandez
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Attention Ļuvres piŽgŽes
Baited Artworks
(catalogue version)
Philippe Fernandez
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Sculpture des images
Sculpture of images
Dominique Pa•ni
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La qualitŽ n'a pas de sexe
Excellence has no sex

Estelle Pags
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The Shadow
Gilles A. Tiberghien
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Vita activa
Florence Derieux
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Eye-Dust
Philippe Fernandez
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Femme dangereuse
Dangerous Woman

BŽnŽdicte Ramade

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Pieces of Possible History
Julie Crenn
 
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